Complete control scheme for Dajiang soil nematode

 In recent years, in order to achieve the continuous output and benefit of crops, farmers have used a large number of uncontrolled fertilizers, and also abused the manure of unfermented livestock and poultry in order to reduce production costs, leading to soil acidification, compaction, and soil microbes. Environmental damage has created very good conditions for the outbreak of nematodes. Therefore, whether it is open-air planting or facility agriculture, the damage of nematodes is more serious, and it has become the most headache for many farmers.

Ginger belongs to underground tuber crops. The perennial single planting has caused serious damage to soil nematodes. Especially in the ginger area, many fields have been replanted with other crops. Soil nematodes can cause root rot of ginger and ginger molting. Affect the value of the commodity of ginger. Shandong Province is the main producing area of ginger in the country and even the whole world. The area planted with ginger is maintained at around 1.5 million mu. How to prevent and control the nematodes on the ginger is a problem that the farmers of Jiangnong are more concerned about. The following is a practical experience of groping for more than ten years, and systematically sorting out the technical scheme for preventing and controlling soil nematodes.

1. Soil fumigation

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At present, the domestic soil fumigation products are mainly chloropicrin, Weibaimu, cotton and horseradish (allyl isothiocyanate). The use of chloropicrin alone is not ideal for the control of soil nematodes, and 1.3-dichloropropene must be added. Because 1.3-dichloropropene causes serious damage to the soil and environmental problems, it has been banned. While chloropicrin is a highly toxic product, the country will be completely banned in 2022. So what is the most reasonable way to use soil fumigation to eliminate nematodes? Actual field experiments confirmed that horseradish (20% isopropyl isothiocyanate) is a soil fumigation product just introduced in recent years, registered in tomato root-knot nematode, and its molecular structure is similar to 1,3-dichloropropene. Using 2-3 liters per mu can have a good control effect on soil nematodes. It is recommended to be used together with Weibaimu, which is more effective in controlling weeds and diseases. After years of experimental testing and scientific research, Shengbang Modern Agricultural Technology Center has scientifically matched Weibaimu and Horseradish, and added imported additives to make them well compatible. Using professional equipment to divide the soil into about 20 cm, and then fumigation for 15 days or so, it can kill various germs and nematodes in the soil, and create a good soil environment for the high quality and high yield of the ginger.

The red circle in the figure is the ecdysis of the nematode

2、化学防治

The chemical agents currently controlling nematodes are mainly avermectin, thiazolyl and fluopyram. Abamectin and thiazosin have been used in galangal for more than ten years. In many areas, nematodes have produced different degrees of resistance, and the use of fluopyram has not been satisfactory, so scientifically and rationally use avermectin. And thiazolyl is the only choice for chemical control of the genus Galleria.

According to the time of planting ginger, generally before and after the Ching Ming Festival every year, the ground temperature is below 10 degrees, the eggs of nematodes have not hatched or the nematodes are still dormant, and it is difficult to kill them. Therefore, it is not necessary to apply thiazole. Phosphine, but less avermectin granules can be used to control underground pests.

The first critical period for the control of the larvae is in mid-May (the ginger grown in the greenhouse is in early May). At this time, the ground temperature rose back to 10-15 degrees, and the avermectin was applied once. During this period, the roots of the ginger were still relatively fragile. If thiazolyl was used to damage the roots of the ginger, thiazolyl was not recommended during this period.

In the first half of June, it can be applied once with thiazolyl + avermectin; the first small cultivating soil in early July, it is recommended to use avermectin + thiazolidine granules once; in the middle and late July, before the large cultivating soil, it is recommended The avermectin + thiazolyl was applied once more; the avermectin + thiazolidine granules were recommended once in early August; the avermectin + thiazolidine was recommended once again after 1 month of soiling. Pay attention to the above medication time node, so that scientific and reasonable use of avermectin and thiazolyl.

3. Biological control

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The country has been vigorously advocating the use of biological microbial agents to control pests and diseases on crops to protect soil and environmental health and safety. In the prevention and control of soil nematodes, the most popular microorganisms at this stage are pale purple pseudo-cyanase and Verticillium fulvum. In 2018, the biocide of Bacillus licheniformis, a nematicidal agent, has been newly registered, but from recent years, According to the practical effect, the nematode control effect of the biological microbial agent is not ideal, because there are too many factors affecting the effect of controlling the nematode, including the level of organic matter in the soil, the pH value of the soil, the soil EC value and the like. In order to achieve better control effect of biological microbial agents, it is necessary to improve the soil, increase the content of organic matter in the soil, and adjust the pH value of the soil with scientific formula fertilization; Shengbang Modern Agricultural Technology Center tries to install bio-expansion in the field. The equipment will allow live bacteria to enter the soil and increase the activity of beneficial microorganisms. In the near future, it will seek greater breakthroughs in biological control of nematodes.